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RELAX REFRESH YOUR ENGLISH KNOWLEDGE - 24

 101. What is the difference between ‘headmaster' and ‘principal'?
In Commonwealth countries, the word ‘headmaster' is mostly used to refer to the senior most teacher who is in charge of a school — it could be a public (Government) or a private school. In the United States, the title ‘headmaster' is mostly used to refer to the man who is in charge of a private school. Unlike the word ‘headmaster', the word ‘principal' is not limited to just schools — it can be used with someone who in charge of a school or a college.

102. How is the word ‘circa' pronounced?
The first syllable ‘cir' is pronounced like the word ‘sir'. The second ‘c' sounds like the ‘k' in ‘kiss', ‘kill' and ‘kid' and the ‘a' is like the ‘a' in ‘china'. The word is pronounced ‘SIR-ke' with the stress on the first syllable. When you say that a play was written circa 1350, you mean that it was written roughly around that time. You are not really sure of the exact date. It comes from the Latin ‘circa' meaning ‘around, about the time of'. The word is mostly used with dates in formal contexts.
*It is difficult to say. A few scholars claim he was born circa 300 BC.

103. How is the word ‘skulduggery' pronounced?
The first syllable is pronounced like the word ‘skull', and the second like the word ‘dug'. The ‘e' is like the ‘a' in ‘china', and the ‘y' like the ‘i' in ‘it', bit', and ‘hit'. The word is pronounced ‘skull-DUG-e-ri' with the stress on the second syllable. This is one of the ways of pronouncing this rather old fashioned word. In India, politicians are well known for their skulduggery. What is it that our politicians are famous for? Cheating the public, of course! The trickery and the dishonest practices that our so called ‘public servants' often resort to is called ‘skulduggery'. The word can also be spelt ‘skullduggery'.
*I am reading a very interesting novel. It's full of political intrigue and skulduggery.
*Your company is in the black mainly because of accounting skulduggery.
No one is really sure of the origin of this word. Some scholars believe that it comes from the Scottish ‘sculdudrie' meaning ‘adultery'.

104. What is the meaning and origin of ‘pulling a rabbit out of a hat'?
The expression comes from the world of magic. As kids, when we saw a magician pull a rabbit out of a hat, we were delighted and at the same time rather pleasantly surprised to see a white rabbit appear out of nowhere. We were wonderstruck by the magician's skill. When you say that someone pulled a rabbit out of a hat, you mean that he did something magical, something that no one was expecting him to.
*Dilip thinks Australia will pull a rabbit out of the hat and win back the Ashes this winter.
*India might just pull a rabbit out of the hat next year and win the World Cup.

105. What is the meaning of the expression ‘big enchilada'?
This is an expression that is mostly used in informal contexts to mean a rather influential or important person; someone who is in charge. Other informal expressions which have more or less the same meaning are: big cheese, big fish, head honcho and bigwig. When used with things, it means something of the highest value or importance.
*If you want a raise, you'd better talk to the big enchilada.
*I watched the Indian cricket team win the big enchilada in 1983.
An ‘enchilada' is a Mexican dish. Meat and cheese are put on a tortilla (somewhat like the Indian chapati) and then it is rolled up. The ‘en' sounds like the letter ‘n', and the following syllable sounds like the ‘chi' in ‘chip', ‘chill', and ‘chin'. The first ‘a' is pronounced like the ‘a' in ‘path' and ‘bath', and the second like the ‘a' in ‘china'. The word is pronounced ‘n-chi-LAA-de' with the stress on the third syllable.

A collection from the Open Page Supplement of The Hindu Newspaper 
Courtesy: Sri Upendra, the writer of the above


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