General Knowledge Indian Freedom Struggle: Questions and Answers -2
51. Who was the Viceroy of India at the time of the partition of India?
Lord Mountbatten: Lord Mountbatten oversaw the transfer of power and partition
52. The 'Bardoli Satyagraha' (1928) was led by whom?
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: It was a peasant movement against increased land revenue, where Patel earned the title 'Sardar'.
53. The 'Red Shirts' (Khudai Khidmatgar) movement was led by whom?
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan: It was a non-violent Pashtun movement advocating for an independent Pashtun state within India.
54. Which event is known as the "Great Calcutta Killings" or "Direct Action Day"?
August 16, 1946 (Direct Action Day): Called by the Muslim League, it led to widespread communal riots in Calcutta.
55. Who was the President of the INC when India gained independence?
Acharya J.B. Kripalani: He was the INC President during the crucial period of transfer of power.
56. The 'Father of Indian Unrest' was a title given to whom?
Bal Gangadhar Tilak: This title was given to him by British journalist Valentine Chirol.
57. Which incident is associated with the shooting of Commissioner Rand and Lt. Ayerst in 1897?
Chapekar Brothers' assassination: Damodar Hari Chapekar and Balkrishna Hari Chapekar assassinated them in Pune.
58. Who started the newspaper 'Kesari'?
Bal Gangadhar Tilak: 'Kesari' was a Marathi newspaper started by Tilak in 1881.
59. The 'Alipore Bomb Case' (1908) was associated with which revolutionary?
Aurobindo Ghosh: Though acquitted, Aurobindo Ghosh was a key figure in this case involving a bombing attempt.
60. Who assassinated Saunders in Lahore in 1928? Bhagat Singh and Shivaram Rajguru:
They killed Saunders to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai.
61. The 'Lahore Conspiracy Case' was against which revolutionaries?
Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru: They were tried for the assassination of Saunders and other revolutionary activities.
62. Who led the 'Vaikom Satyagraha' in Kerala?
T.K. Madhavan, K. Kelappan (and later Mahatma Gandhi's involvement): This was a movement in 1924-25 for temple entry rights for untouchables.
63. The 'August Offer' was proposed by whom and in which year?
Lord Linlithgow in 1940: It was a proposal by the British government to secure Indian cooperation in World War II.
64. The 'Cabinet Mission Plan' arrived in India in which year?
1946: The mission aimed to discuss the transfer of power and set up an interim government.
65. Who was the first Indian woman President of the Indian National Congress?
Sarojini Naidu: She presided over the Kanpur session in 1925.
66. Who was the first woman President of the Indian National Congress?
Annie Besant: She presided over the Calcutta session in 1917.
67. Who authored the book "India Wins Freedom"?
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: It is an autobiographical account of the partition of India by a prominent Congress leader.
68. Who gave the slogan "Inquilab Zindabad!" (Long Live Revolution!)?
Maulana Hasrat Mohani (popularized by Bhagat Singh): While Mohani coined it, Bhagat Singh and his comrades popularized it.
69. The 'Jallianwala Bagh' is a memorial for the martyrs of which event?
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: It commemorates the victims of the 1919 massacre.
70. Who was known as the "Grand Old Man of India"?
Dadabhai Naoroji: He was a prominent early nationalist and a critic of British economic exploitation.
71. The 'Drain Theory' was propounded by whom?
Dadabhai Naoroji: This theory argued that British rule was draining India's wealth.
72. Who composed the national song "Vande Mataram"?
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay: It is part of his novel 'Anandamath'.
73. The 'Ramakrishna Mission' was founded by whom?
Swami Vivekananda: He founded it in 1897 to promote the teachings of his guru, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa.
74. Who led the 'Champaran Satyagraha'?
Mahatma Gandhi: His first successful Satyagraha in India, against indigo planters.
75. The 'Ghadar Movement' was primarily aimed at which foreign power?
British (in India): The movement, primarily based in North America, aimed to overthrow British rule in India.
76. Who was the President of the Indian National Congress at the time of Surat Split (1907)?
Rash Behari Ghosh: The split occurred between the Moderates and Extremists.
77. Which Act introduced Diarchy at the provincial level?
Government of India Act of 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms): Diarchy divided provincial subjects into 'transferred' and 'reserved' lists.
78. Who founded the 'Servants of India Society' in 1905?
Gopal Krishna Gokhale: It was formed to train national missionaries for the service of India.
79. The 'Kakori Train Robbery' (often referred to as Kakori Conspiracy) involved which act by revolutionaries?
Robbing a train carrying British government money: It was a significant act by the Hindustan Republican Association.
80. Who was the revolutionary known as 'Masterda'?
Surya Sen: He was a prominent revolutionary who led the Chittagong Armoury Raid.
81. The 'Chittagong Armoury Raid' (1930) was led by whom?
Surya Sen: A daring attempt to seize arms and ammunition from the British armoury.
82. Who wrote the poem 'Sare Jahan Se Achha'?
Muhammad Iqbal: This patriotic poem became an anthem of the freedom struggle.
83. The 'August Declaration' (Montagu Declaration) of 1917 promised gradual development of self-governing institutions. Who made this declaration?
Edwin Montagu (Secretary of State for India): It marked a significant shift in British policy towards India.
84. The 'Lucknow Pact' (1916) was an agreement between the Indian National Congress and whom?
All-India Muslim League: It was a joint session where both parties agreed to present common demands to the British.
85. Who coined the term 'Satyagraha'?
Mahatma Gandhi: He developed this philosophy of non-violent resistance in South Africa.
86. Who was the political guru of Mahatma Gandhi?
Gopal Krishna Gokhale: Gandhi considered Gokhale his mentor and guide in Indian politics.
87. The 'Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad Mill Strike' Satyagrahas are collectively known as what phase of Gandhi's struggle?
Early Satyagrahas in India / Experiments in India: These were Gandhi's initial successful non-violent movements upon his return to India.
88. Who was the founder of the 'Forward Bloc' party?
Subhas Chandra Bose: He formed the party in 1939 after resigning from the INC presidency.
89. The 'Indian Association' (1876) was founded by whom?
Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose: It was one of the important pre-Congress political organizations.
90. Who was the only Viceroy of India to be assassinated in office?
Lord Mayo: He was assassinated by a Pathan convict in 1872 in the Andaman Islands.
91. The 'First War of Indian Independence' is a term used by whom to describe the Revolt of 1857?
V.D. Savarkar: He popularized this term in his book "The Indian War of Independence 1857".
92. Who drafted the 'Declaration of Purna Swaraj' at the Lahore Session of INC?
Jawaharlal Nehru: The resolution declared the INC's goal of complete independence for India.
93. Who was the British Prime Minister during the first Round Table Conference?
Ramsay MacDonald: He chaired all three Round Table Conferences.
94. The 'Cripps Mission' offered what status to India after World War II?
Dominion Status: The offer was rejected by the INC as it did not promise full independence.
95. The 'Wavell Plan' (1945) proposed what regarding the Executive Council?
Equal representation for Hindus and Muslims: It aimed to break the political deadlock but ultimately failed.
96. Who was the author of 'Discovery of India'?
Jawaharlal Nehru: He wrote this book during his imprisonment at Ahmednagar Fort.
97. The 'Cabinet Mission' came to India with what primary objective?
To formulate a plan for the transfer of power and constitutional arrangements: It proposed a federal structure for India.
98. Who represented the Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference?
Mahatma Gandhi: Gandhi attended as the sole representative of the INC.
99. Who founded the 'Depressed Classes Association' in 1930?
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: He founded it to voice the concerns and rights of the untouchables.
100. The 'Akali Movement' (early 20th century) was a reform movement associated with which religion?
Sikhism: It aimed to reform the management of Sikh Gurdwaras.
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