General Knowledge Indian Freedom Struggle: Questions and Answers -3
101. Who was the Viceroy of India when the Indian National Congress was formed?
Lord Dufferin: Lord Dufferin was the Viceroy from 1884 to 1888, during which the INC was established.
102. The 'Vernacular Press Act' aimed to suppress which type of publications?
Indian language newspapers: Passed in 1878 by Lord Lytton, it allowed the government to confiscate printing presses of vernacular newspapers criticizing British policies.
103. Who was known as "Loknayak"? Jayaprakash Narayan:
A prominent leader who played a crucial role in the Quit India Movement and later movements.
104. The 'Ilbert Bill Controversy' (1883-84) was about what legal issue?
Jurisdiction of Indian judges over European subjects: The bill proposed to allow Indian judges to try European offenders, leading to strong opposition from the European community in India.
105. Who was the editor of the 'Amrita Bazar Patrika'?
Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh: This prominent nationalist newspaper famously changed its language overnight to English to circumvent the Vernacular Press Act.
106. Who founded the 'Deccan Education Society' in 1884?
Gopal Ganesh Agarkar, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Vishnu Shastri Chiplunkar: This society aimed to provide modern education to Indians.
107. The 'Anushilan Samiti' was a prominent revolutionary organization based in which region? Bengal: It was one of the most active revolutionary secret societies in Bengal during the early 20th century.
108. Who was associated with the 'Delhi Conspiracy Case' of 1912?
Rash Behari Bose and Basant Kumar Biswas: It involved a bomb attack on Viceroy Lord Hardinge during a procession.
109. The 'Komagata Maru' incident involved which nationality of passengers?
Sikh, Muslim, and Hindu immigrants from British India: The Japanese steamship carrying these passengers was denied entry to Canada in 1914.
110. Which famous poet gave up his knighthood in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?
Rabindranath Tagore: He renounced his knighthood in 1919 in a letter to the Viceroy.
111. The 'Moplah Rebellion' (1921) occurred in which region?
Malabar region of Kerala: It was a peasant uprising by the Mappila Muslims against the Hindu landlords and the British.
112. The 'All-India Spinners' Association' was founded by whom to promote hand-spinning?
Mahatma Gandhi: Founded in 1925, it was part of his constructive program and promotion of Khadi.
113. Who led the 'Eka Movement' (Unity Movement) of peasants in Uttar Pradesh during the early 1920s?
Madari Pasi: This peasant movement aimed to resist high rents and oppression by landlords.
114. The 'Red Fort Trial' of INA officers took place in which year?
1945-1946: It involved the trials of several officers of the Indian National Army by the British Indian government.
115. Who was the first Indian to become a member of the British House of Commons?
Dadabhai Naoroji: He was elected from Finsbury Central in 1892.
116. The 'Drain Theory' was first articulated in which of Dadabhai Naoroji's works?
"Poverty and Un-British Rule in India": This book detailed how British rule was impoverishing India.
117. Who was known as 'Deshbandhu'?
Chittaranjan Das (C.R. Das): The title means "Friend of the Nation."
118. The 'Simla Conference' to discuss the Wavell Plan was held in which year?
1945: It was a meeting between the Viceroy Lord Wavell and the major political leaders of British India.
119. The 'Pattabhi Sitaramayya' was an official historian of which organization?
Indian National Congress: He authored "The History of the Indian National Congress."
120. Who was the leader of the 'Santhal Rebellion' of 1855-56?
Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu: It was a major tribal rebellion against British and zamindar exploitation.
121. The 'Indigo Revolt' (1859-60) occurred in which region?
Bengal: It was a peasant revolt against British planters who forced them to cultivate indigo.
122. Who wrote the famous play 'Neel Darpan', depicting the plight of indigo cultivators?
Dinabandhu Mitra: The play highlighted the harsh exploitation by indigo planters.
123. Who launched the 'Akali Movement' for the reform of gurudwaras?
Sikh reformers, led by various individuals, including Teja Singh Samundri and Master Tara Singh: This movement aimed to free Sikh shrines from corrupt mahants.
124. The 'Cripps Mission' was sent to India in response to which international event?
World War II (specifically, Japanese advancements in Southeast Asia): The British sought India's full cooperation in the war effort.
125. Who was the founder of the 'Abhinav Bharat Society', a secret revolutionary society?
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar: Founded in 1904, it was an offshoot of the Mitra Mela.
126. The 'Chauri Chaura incident' occurred in which district of Uttar Pradesh?
Gorakhpur district: The police station incident led to the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
127. Who was the first Indian to be appointed to the Viceroy's Executive Council?
Satyendra Prasanna Sinha: He was appointed as the Law Member in 1909 as part of the Morley-Minto Reforms.
128. The 'Delhi Durbar' of 1911, where the capital of India was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi, was held under which Viceroy?
Lord Hardinge II: This event marked a significant change in the administrative structure.
129. The 'Ghadr Party' (Ghadar Party) was headquartered in which city in the USA?
San Francisco: It was a prominent organization of Indian revolutionaries in North America.
130. Who was the revolutionary who famously said, "Bombs and pistols do not make a revolution. The sword of revolution is sharpened on the whetting stone of ideas"?
Bhagat Singh: This quote reflects his ideological shift towards socialism.
131. The 'Kakori Conspiracy' was renamed by the Uttar Pradesh government in 2021 as: Kakori Train Action:
The name was changed to honor the revolutionaries involved, removing the term 'conspiracy'.
132. Who was the President of the Indian National Congress at the time of India's independence (August 15, 1947)?
Acharya J.B. Kripalani: He held the presidency during the transfer of power.
133. The 'Two-Nation Theory' was primarily advocated by which political leader?
Muhammad Ali Jinnah: This theory proposed that Hindus and Muslims were two separate nations, leading to the demand for Pakistan.
134. Who authored the book "Annihilation of Caste"?
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: This influential work is a powerful critique of the Hindu caste system.
135. The 'White Mutiny' (1859) was a protest by whom against the British government?
European soldiers of the East India Company's army: They protested against the transfer of their services to the Crown without a fresh bounty or new terms of service after 1857.
136. The 'Rampa Rebellion' (1922-1924) in Andhra Pradesh was led by whom? \
Alluri Sitarama Raju: He led tribal peasants in a guerrilla war against British oppression.
137. Who founded the 'Indian Home Rule Society' (also known as India House) in London in 1905?
Shyamji Krishna Varma: It was a revolutionary organization that served as a hub for Indian nationalists in London.
138. Who was the Viceroy of India when the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred?
Lord Chelmsford: He was the Viceroy from 1916 to 1921.
139. The 'All India Women's Conference' (AIWC) was founded in which year?
1927: It was established to advocate for women's education and social reforms.
140. Who was the founder of the 'Servants of the People Society' in 1921?
Lala Lajpat Rai: He founded it after the Non-Cooperation Movement.
141. The 'Delhi Pact' of 1931 was also known as what?
Gandhi-Irwin Pact: It was an agreement signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin, marking the end of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
142. Who was known as 'Sher-e-Punjab' (Lion of Punjab)?
Lala Lajpat Rai: He was a prominent nationalist leader from Punjab.
143. The 'Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms' (Government of India Act of 1919) introduced what key administrative change in provinces?
Diarchy (Dyarchy): It divided provincial subjects into 'transferred' and 'reserved' categories.
144. Who succeeded Mahatma Gandhi as the President of the Indian National Congress in 1934? Rajendra Prasad: Gandhi resigned from the INC in 1934.
145. The 'Willingdon Dam' (now called Gandhi Sagar Dam) in Madhya Pradesh was built during the time of which Viceroy?
Lord Willingdon: He served as Viceroy from 1931 to 1936.
146. Who resigned from the Congress Working Committee in 1939 due to ideological differences with Mahatma Gandhi?
Subhas Chandra Bose: This led to the formation of the Forward Bloc.
147. The 'August Movement' is another name for which major freedom struggle event?
Quit India Movement: It began in August 1942.
148. Who published the Urdu newspaper 'Al-Hilal' to promote Hindu-Muslim unity?
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: He started this influential weekly journal in 1912.
149. The 'Radcliffe Line' determined the boundary between which two countries?
India and Pakistan: Sir Cyril Radcliffe drew the boundary lines for the partition of British India.
150. The 'Hyderabad State' was integrated into the Indian Union through which military operation?
Operation Polo: This police action was launched in September 1948 to integrate Hyderabad.
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