General Knowledge Indian Freedom Struggle: Questions and Answers
1. In which year did the Sepoy Mutiny (Revolt of 1857) begin?
1857: The revolt began on May 10, 1857, in Meerut.
2. Who was the Governor-General of India during the Revolt of 1857?
Lord Canning: Lord Canning served as Governor-General from 1856 to 1862.
3. Who founded the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885?
Allan Octavian Hume: A.O. Hume, a retired British ICS officer, played a crucial role in the formation of the INC.
4. Where was the first session of the Indian National Congress held?
Bombay (now Mumbai): The first session took place at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay.
5. Who was the first President of the Indian National Congress?
Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee: W.C. Bonnerjee presided over the inaugural session of the INC.
6. The Partition of Bengal took place in which year?
1905: Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, ordered the partition of Bengal in 1905.
7. Who was the Viceroy of India during the Partition of Bengal?
Lord Curzon: Lord Curzon's decision to partition Bengal sparked widespread protests.
8. The Swadeshi Movement began in India as a reaction to which event?
Partition of Bengal: The Swadeshi Movement aimed at boycotting foreign goods and promoting Indian-made products as a protest against the partition.
9. The Muslim League was founded in which year?
1906: The All-India Muslim League was founded in Dhaka (now in Bangladesh) by Aga Khan III, Nawab Salimullah of Dhaka, and others.
10. Who gave the slogan "Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it!"?
Bal Gangadhar Tilak: This powerful slogan became a rallying cry for the Indian independence movement.
11. The Morley-Minto Reforms (Indian Councils Act) were introduced in which year?
1909: These reforms introduced separate electorates for Muslims, a contentious issue.
12. When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa?
January 9, 1915: January 9 is celebrated as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (NRI Day) to commemorate his return.
13. Where did Mahatma Gandhi conduct his first Satyagraha experiment in India?
Champaran (Bihar): The Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 was against the oppressive indigo planters.
14. The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place in which city?
Amritsar (Punjab): The massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, during the Baisakhi festival.
15. Who ordered the firing at Jallianwala Bagh?
General Reginald Dyer: General Dyer commanded the troops who fired upon the unarmed crowd.
16. The Khilafat Movement was launched in India in support of which leader?
The Ottoman Caliph (Sultan of Turkey): Indian Muslims launched the Khilafat Movement to protest against the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire and the weakening of the Caliphate.
17. The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in which year?
1920: The movement aimed at non-violent non-cooperation with the British government.
18. Which incident led to the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Chauri Chaura Incident: In February 1922, a violent mob set fire to a police station at Chauri Chaura, leading to the death of several policemen.
19. Who founded the Swaraj Party in 1923?
Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das: They formed the party after the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement, advocating for council entry.
20. The Simon Commission arrived in India in which year?
1928: The commission, without any Indian members, was sent to review constitutional reforms.
21. "No taxation without representation" was a slogan associated with the protest against which commission?
Simon Commission: Indians protested the all-white commission as it did not include any Indian representatives to decide their constitutional future.
22. Who coined the term "Pakistan"?
Choudhry Rahmat Ali: He coined the term in 1933, envisioning a separate Muslim homeland.
23. The Lahore Session of the INC, which declared "Purna Swaraj" (complete independence), was held in which year?
1929: Jawaharlal Nehru presided over this historic session.
24. When did the Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) begin?
March 12, 1930: Mahatma Gandhi led the march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi to protest the British salt tax.
25. Who was known as "Frontier Gandhi"?
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan: He was a Pashtun independence activist and a devout follower of Mahatma Gandhi's non-violence principles.
26. How many Round Table Conferences were held in London?
Three: These conferences were held between 1930 and 1932 to discuss constitutional reforms in India.
27. Who was the only Indian to attend all three Round Table Conferences?
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: Dr. Ambedkar represented the depressed classes at all three conferences.
28. The Poona Pact (1932) was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and whom?
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: The pact addressed the issue of separate electorates for depressed classes.
29. The Government of India Act was passed in which year?
1935: This act introduced provincial autonomy and laid the groundwork for a federal structure.
30. When did the Quit India Movement begin?
August 8, 1942: The movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi during World War II, demanding an end to British rule.
31. What was the famous slogan associated with the Quit India Movement?
"Do or Die": Mahatma Gandhi gave this call to the nation during the movement.
32. Who founded the Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army)?
Mohan Singh (later reorganized by Subhas Chandra Bose): Captain Mohan Singh initially formed it in 1942, but Subhas Chandra Bose revitalized and led it from 1943.
33. Who was known as "Netaji"?
Subhas Chandra Bose: This title was given to him for his leadership in the Indian freedom struggle.
34. The Cripps Mission came to India in which year?
1942: The mission aimed to secure Indian cooperation during World War II in exchange for a promise of dominion status.
35. Who was the Prime Minister of Britain when India gained independence?
Clement Attlee: Clement Attlee was the Labour Party Prime Minister.
36. The Mountbatten Plan, proposing the partition of India, was announced on which date?
June 3, 1947: This plan outlined the partition of British India into two independent dominions: India and Pakistan.
37. The Indian Independence Act was passed by the British Parliament in which year?
1947: The Act came into force on July 18, 1947, and formally ended British rule in India.
38. Who was the first Governor-General of independent India?
Lord Mountbatten: Lord Mountbatten remained the Governor-General for a short period after independence.
39. Who was the first Indian Governor-General of independent India?
C. Rajagopalachari: Chakravarti Rajagopalachari served from 1948 to 1950.
40. Which princely state was the last to accede to the Indian Union?
Hyderabad: Hyderabad was integrated into India through "Operation Polo" in September 1948.
41. Who was the architect of the integration of princely states into the Indian Union?
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: Sardar Patel, supported by V.P. Menon, skillfully negotiated the integration of over 500 princely states.
42. The "Young India" journal was started by whom?
Mahatma Gandhi: Young India was a weekly journal in English published by Mahatma Gandhi from 1919 to 1932.
43. Who founded the Ghadar Party in the USA?
Lala Har Dayal: The Ghadar Party was founded in 1913 by Indian immigrants in the US and Canada with the aim of overthrowing British rule in India.
44. The Komagata Maru incident is associated with which freedom struggle event?
Ghadar Movement / Indian Diaspora Resistance: In 1914, a ship carrying Sikh, Muslim, and Hindu immigrants was denied entry to Canada, leading to violence upon its return to India.
45. Who founded the Home Rule League in 1916 (separate from Tilak's)?
Annie Besant: Annie Besant launched her Home Rule League in Adyar, Chennai, in September 1916. Bal Gangadhar Tilak launched his in April 1916 in Maharashtra.
46. The Rowlatt Act was passed in which year?
1919: This act allowed the British government to imprison anyone suspected of terrorism without trial, leading to widespread protests.
47. The Kakori Conspiracy case (1925) was associated with which revolutionary organization? Hindustan Republican Association (HRA): Revolutionaries including Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan robbed a train carrying government money.
48. Who reorganized the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) into Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)?
Chandrashekhar Azad: HSRA was formed in 1928 with a socialist ideology.
49. Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru were executed on which date?
March 23, 1931: They were hanged for their involvement in the Lahore Conspiracy case.
50. Who assassinated Michael O'Dwyer, the former Lieutenant Governor of Punjab?
Udham Singh: Udham Singh assassinated O'Dwyer in London in 1940 to avenge the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
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