General Knowledge - Indian Civics (Polity): Questions and Answers -2
51. What is the maximum period for which a State Emergency (President's Rule) can be imposed in a state in one go?
6 months. It can be extended for a maximum period of three years with parliamentary approval every six months.
52. Which article of the Constitution deals with the 'Right to Life and Personal Liberty'? '
Article 21. This is a broad fundamental right interpreted expansively by the Supreme Court.
53. The 'National Capital Territory of Delhi' was given special status by which amendment?
69th Amendment Act, 1991. This amendment created a legislative assembly and a council of ministers for Delhi.
54. Who is the legal advisor to the State Government?
Advocate General of the State. Appointed by the Governor, the Advocate General is the highest law officer in the state.
55. The concept of 'Fundamental Rights' in the Indian Constitution is borrowed from which country's constitution?
USA (United States of America). The Bill of Rights in the US Constitution greatly influenced India's Fundamental Rights.
56. Which Constitutional Amendment Act reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years?
61st Amendment Act, 1989. This amendment aimed to give the youth a greater opportunity to participate in the political process.
57. What is the highest judicial body in India?
Supreme Court of India. It is the apex court and the final interpreter of the Constitution.
58. Who appoints the Chief Justice of India and other Supreme Court judges?
President of India. The appointment is made after consultation with other judges as deemed necessary.
59. The President of India addresses his resignation to whom?
Vice-President of India. The Vice-President then immediately informs the Lok Sabha Speaker.
60. The idea of a 'Welfare State' in the Indian Constitution is best reflected in which part?
Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP). DPSP aim to create a social and economic democracy, leading to a welfare state.
61. Which schedule lists the officially recognized languages of India?
Eighth Schedule. Currently, there are 22 languages in this schedule.
62. What is the maximum gap allowed between two sessions of Parliament?
6 months. Parliament must meet at least twice a year.
63. The President's rule in a state is imposed under which article?
Article 356. This article deals with the failure of constitutional machinery in a state.
64. The 'Union List' in the Seventh Schedule has how many subjects?
100 (originally 97). These are subjects on which only the Union Parliament can legislate.
65. The 'State List' in the Seventh Schedule has how many subjects?
61 (originally 66). These are subjects on which only the state legislatures can legislate.
66. The 'Concurrent List' in the Seventh Schedule has how many subjects?
52 (originally 47). Both the Union Parliament and state legislatures can legislate on these subjects. In case of conflict, Union law prevails.
67. What is the minimum number of judges of the Supreme Court who can sit to hear a constitutional bench or any case involving a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution?
5 judges. This is known as a Constitutional Bench.
68. The power of the Supreme Court to review any judgment or order made by it is known as:
Review Power (Article 137). This allows the Supreme Court to reconsider its own decisions
69. Who appoints the Chairman and members of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)?
President of India. UPSC is a central recruiting agency.
70. The 'Right to Constitutional Remedies' is guaranteed under which article?
Article 32. It allows citizens to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of their Fundamental Rights.
71. What is the total number of Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution?
6. Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, Right to Constitutional Remedies.
72. Which writ is issued by a court to command a public official to perform a duty that they are legally required to perform?
Mandamus. It literally means "we command."
73. Which writ is issued by a higher court to a lower court or tribunal to prevent it from exceeding its jurisdiction?
Prohibition. It literally means "to forbid."
74. Which writ is issued by a higher court to a lower court or tribunal to transfer a case to itself or quash the order of the lower court?
Certiorari. It means "to be certified" or "to be informed."
75. Which writ is issued to inquire into the legality of a claim by a person to a public office?
Quo Warranto. It literally means "by what authority or warrant."
76. The National Human Rights Commission is a:
Statutory Body (not constitutional). It was established by an Act of Parliament, the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
77. The NITI Aayog is a:
Non-constitutional and Non-statutory Body (Think Tank). It was established in 2015 by an executive resolution, replacing the Planning Commission.
78. What is the minimum strength of a State Legislative Assembly?
60 members. However, some smaller states and UTs have been allowed to have fewer members through special provisions.
79. What is the maximum strength of a State Legislative Assembly?
500 members. This is the upper limit set by the Constitution.
80. Who is the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha?
G.V. Mavalankar. Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar served from 1952 to 1956.
81. The concept of 'Rule of Law' in the Indian Constitution is borrowed from which country?
United Kingdom (Britain). It implies that no one is above the law.
82. The procedure for the impeachment of the President of India is mentioned in which article?
Article 61. It is a quasi-judicial procedure for the removal of the President.
83. What is the maximum number of members that can be nominated to the Rajya Sabha by the President of India?
12. These members are nominated from fields of art, literature, science, and social service.
84. What is the maximum number of members that can be nominated to the Lok Sabha by the President of India (before the 104th Amendment)?
2 (Anglo-Indians). This provision for nominating Anglo-Indians was discontinued by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019.
85. The 'Joint Session of Parliament' is presided over by the Speaker of Lok Sabha, but who summons it?
President of India. The President calls the joint sitting to break a deadlock on a bill.
86. Which article of the Constitution deals with the 'Finance Commission'?
Article 280. The Finance Commission is constituted every five years to recommend the distribution of financial resources between the Union and states.
87. Who can remove the Governor of a state from office?
President of India. The Governor holds office during the pleasure of the President.
88. The idea of 'Fraternity' in the Preamble means:
A sense of common brotherhood among all Indians. It aims to promote national unity and integrity.
89. Which committee recommended the establishment of the Panchayati Raj system in India?
Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957). It recommended a three-tier Panchayati Raj system.
90. The 'Contempt of Court' power of the Supreme Court is mentioned in which article?
Article 129 and Article 142(2). Article 129 makes the Supreme Court a court of record and gives it power to punish for contempt.
91. The 'Attorney General of India' is appointed by the President and holds office during whose pleasure?
President of India. There is no fixed term for the Attorney General.
92. The concept of 'Judicial Activism' emerged primarily from which country's judicial system?
USA (United States of America). It refers to the judiciary playing a more active role in social and political issues.
93. Which article empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights?
Article 32. This is the 'Right to Constitutional Remedies'.
94. What is the name of the legislative body in states that have both an upper and a lower house? Bicameral Legislature. The upper house is the Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) and the lower house is the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha).
95. How many states in India currently have a bicameral legislature?
6. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.
96. Who is the final interpreter of the Indian Constitution?
Supreme Court of India. The Supreme Court's decisions on constitutional matters are final and binding.
97. What is the term for a situation where the legislative and executive powers are concentrated in the hands of one person or body, without separation?
Unitary System (in contrast to separation of powers). While India has elements of both unitary and federal systems, concentration of power typically defines a unitary system or a lack of separation of powers.
98. Which article deals with the 'Uniform Civil Code' (UCC) as a Directive Principle of State Policy?
Article 44. It states that the State shall endeavor to secure for the citizens a Uniform Civil Code throughout the territory of India.
99. The 'Power of Judicial Review' means the power of the Supreme Court to:
Declare any law or executive action as unconstitutional if it violates the Constitution. This power ensures the supremacy of the Constitution.
100. The 'Original Jurisdiction' of the Supreme Court extends to disputes between:
The Union and one or more states, or between two or more states. These disputes are directly heard by the Supreme Court.
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